Show pagesourceOld revisionsBacklinksBack to top × Table of Contents User guide General information for using OpenWrt/LEDE Installation Basic configuration LuCI web interface Network configuration Firewall configuration Advanced configuration Installing additional software Hardware-specific configuration Storage devices Additional services Troubleshooting and maintenance Running OpenWrt in a Virtual Machine or Container Security Release signatures Work-in-progress documentation pages User guide General information for using OpenWrt/LEDE Switch vs. Router vs. Gateway. Find out how you want to run your OpenWrt/LEDE device and how IPv4 NAT affects this decision. WiFi regulation information and the country code for OpenWrt/LEDE's WiFi operation. Some background information about country-specific WiFi limits Security and hardening. General things about OpenWrt/LEDE security, patching, hardening and responsibilities of a OpenWrt/LEDE admin Installation Documentation User guide Installation Back to original firmware FAQ after Installation of OpenWrt FAQ before installing OpenWrt Filesystem snapshot feature: /sbin/snapshot Flashing OpenWrt with Wi-Fi enabled on first boot Generic flashing over the Serial port Generic NOR backup How to restore ART partition Installing OpenWrt Installing OpenWrt over FTP (generic) Installing OpenWrt over XMODEM Installing OpenWrt via TFTP Installing OpenWrt with TFTP from a Linux computer OpenWrt on x86 hardware aka PC or Servers Upgrade from ar71xx to ath79 Upgrading OpenWrt firmware using CLI Upgrading OpenWrt firmware using LuCI and CLI Installation methods ADAM2 FTP ap51-flash Asus Firmware Restoration Tool brnboot web recovery CF card CFE TFTP + serial recovery CFE TFTP recovery CFE web recovery CLI generic D-Link Recovery GUI dataclouds EVA FTP fritzflash GUI generic GUI OEM JBoot web recovery JTAG Linksys TFTP Mikrotik TFTP Netboot nmrpflash RedBoot TFTP + serial recovery RedBoot TFTP recovery SD card see devicepage see forum see git-commit Serial Sunxi installation Sysupgrade Telnet TFTP generic TP-Link TFTP U-Boot TFTP + serial recovery U-Boot TFTP recovery U-Boot USB recovery U-Boot web recovery unknown x86 installation Recovery methods ADAM2 FTP Asus Firmware Restoration Tool AVM recovery tool Breed web recovery brnboot web recovery CF card CFE TFTP + serial recovery CFE TFTP recovery CFE web recovery D-Link Recovery GUI EVA FTP GUI generic JBoot web recovery JTAG Linksys TFTP Mikrotik TFTP nmrpflash RedBoot TFTP + serial recovery RedBoot TFTP recovery SD card see devicepage see forum see git-commit TFTP generic TP-Link TFTP U-Boot TFTP + serial recovery U-Boot TFTP recovery U-Boot USB recovery U-Boot web recovery ubiquiti_tftp unknown Basic configuration Documentation User guide Base system Basic Configuration Clarifying the term "Interface" Command-line interpreter DNS and DHCP configuration /etc/config/dhcp DNS and DHCP configuration examples DNS configuration Dnsmasq Dropbear configuration Dynamic DNS Client configuration Hotplug LED configuration /etc/config/system Managing services Network basics /etc/config/network Runtime Logging in OpenWrt Scheduling tasks System configuration /etc/config/system System configuration not handled by UCI The UCI system User Configuration Web Server Configuration LuCI web interface Documentation User guide LuCI Web Interface Accessing LuCI Web Interface Securely Dashboard How to get rid of LuCI HTTPS certificate warnings LuCI essentials LuCI on lighttpd LuCI themes luci-app-statistics Make luci-app-statistics graphs public Port Forwards Quick Setup Static IP Web Interface Overview Network configuration Documentation User guide Network Aliases DHCP configuration High availability Integrating an OpenWrt network device in your network IP rules (policy routing) IPv4/IPv6 Transition Technologies MAP IPv4-over-IPv6 encapsulation MultipathTCP and OpenWrt OpenWrt as client device OpenWrt as router device Particularities of Single-Port Devices Routed Client Router vs switch vs gateway and NAT Routing Routing example: Bridged DMZ Routing example: GRE Routing example: OpenVPN Static configuration Static routes Tunneling interface protocols UCI networking options cheatsheet IPv4 Routing example: IPv4 IPv6 6to4 IPV6 encapsulation example How to use OpenWrt behind a Freebox Crystal with IPv6 bridge How to use OpenWrt behind a Freebox with IPv6 delegation IPv6 DNS IPv6 Essentials IPv6 ISPs IPv6 on softwire IPv6 overview IPv6 theory NAT6 and IPv6 masquerading Routing example: IPv6 Setting up an IPv6 tunnel using LuCI WIDE-DHCPv6 client configuration Traffic Shaping Brain Fuck Scheduler CHOKe Class Based Queueing CoDel Deficit Round Robin Example1: Traffic Prioritizing with PRIO Example2: plain simple bandwidth sharing (aka traffic shaping) with HTB Example3: traffic shaping and prioriziting for multiple users with HFSC Example4: HFSC + FQ_CODEL + FLOW classifier Example5: Traffic Prioritizing with HTB and MAC filtering Fair Queue CoDel Hierarchical Fair Service Curve Hierarchy Token Bucket Linux Packet Scheduling Netem (Network Emulator) QoS (aka Network Traffic Control) QoS configuration /etc/config/qos Random Early Detection SQM (aka Smart Queue Management) SQM configuration /etc/config/sqm SQM Details Stochastic Fairness Queueing Token Bucket Filter VLAN (aka Virtual LAN) Extending the router ports with a managed switch with VLANs Splitting VLANs Switch Documentation VLAN WAN (aka Internet access) Accessing your modem Bridge Mode Connect to ISP using L2TP with dual access EasyCwmp (CPE WAN Management Protocol daemon) How to configure Motorola cable modems (DOCSIS) Internet Connection IPTV / UDP multicast ISP Configurations Poor Man's Bridge Mode Scripts to get information from modems Simple WAN Failover with 3G/LTE WWAN - Using a second router in the same LAN Smartphone USB reverse tethering with OpenWrt Smartphone USB tethering TR-069 / CWMP Using multiple public IPs on wan interface Using multiple wan with multiple routers WAN interface protocols X Play MultiWAN (aka accessing the internet through more than one modem/device) Multiwan multiwan: Connection to spare internet provider mwan3 (Load balancing/failover with multiple WAN interfaces) WWAN aka 3G/4G/LTE and similar Dealing with monthly GB quotas How To send AT commands to device How To use LTE modem in QMI mode for WAN connection ModemManager USB mode switch Use 3g/UMTS USB Dongle for WAN connection Use cdc_ether driver based dongles for WAN connection Use NCM USB Dongle for WAN connection Use RNDIS USB Dongle for WAN connection Wi-Fi configuration Atheros and MAC80211 WDS to implement a wireless network bridge (wireless repeater) Bridged AP Configure A(ccess) P(oint or 'hotspot') + STA(tion or 'client') Configure Wi-Fi encryption Connect to client Wi-Fi network Country code for Wi-Fi operation Exceeding transmit power limits FreeRADIUS Introduction to 802.1x Routed AP RSN preauthentication Setting up Wi-Fi repeaters with multiple SSIDs with separated private, tor and guest network Table of capabilities for wireless chipsets USB 3.0 and Wi-Fi problems Wi-Fi /etc/config/wireless Wi-Fi extender / repeater / bridge configuration Wi-Fi on/off buttons Wi-Fi toggle Wide area Wi-Fi coverage Wireless Access Point / Dumb Access Point / Dumb AP Wireless overview wpa_supplicant Guest Wi-Fi Guest Wi-Fi basics Guest Wi-Fi extras Guest Wi-Fi on a wireless AP using LuCI Guest Wi-Fi using CLI Guest Wi-Fi using LuCI Mesh Wi-Fi 802.11s based wireless mesh network B.A.T.M.A.N. / batman-adv OLSR Mesh Wi-Fi network tools Aircrack Horst Kismet Wireless Utilities Zero configuration network setup The Homenet Control Protocol (HNCP) Zero configuration networking in OpenWrt Firewall configuration Documentation User guide Firewall Documentation Firewall and Network Interfaces Firewall components Firewall configuration /etc/config/firewall Firewall Overview fw3 Configurations Bridge firewall DNS hijacking DNS hijacking using LuCI DNS-based firewall with IP sets Firewall usage guide fw3 DMZ Configuration Using VLANs fw3 IPset configuration examples fw3 IPv4 configuration examples fw3 IPv6 configuration examples fw3 Logging Rejected Packets fw3 NAT Configurations fw3 Port Forwarding fw3 Reference Network Topology Parental controls Firewall Miscellaneous Items How to capture, filter and inspect packets using tcpdump or wireshark tools nftables netfilter and iptables Logging Forwarded Packets in OpenWrt netfilter Configuration Examples Netfilter In OpenWrt Netfilter Management Alternate Firewall Builders Firewall Builder: Essence Reloaded Firewall Builder: fwBuilder GUI Firewall Builder: Shell scripts Firewall Builder: Shorewall-lite UPnP (aka Universal Plug and Play) miniupnpd Universal Plug'n'Play and NAT-PMP on OpenWrt Advanced configuration Documentation User guide Advanced Configuration Auto Wake On LAN script for hosts Configuring kexec Connect an Arduino to OpenWrt Mining Bitcoins with OpenWrt NTP SDR Send SMS from Shell Send SMS or Email using 3G/GSM modem Sharing raw NMEA GPS data over the network with multiple clients Smartphone USB tethering Snippets Steam Caching using Nginx Watchcat - network watchdog utility Installing additional software Documentation User guide Installing additional software Beginners guide to building your own firmware Create new users and groups for applications or system services Extroot configuration Managing packages Opkg Package Manager Saving firmware space Show available package upgrades after SSH login Smartmontools Using the Image Builder Hardware-specific configuration Documentation User guide Hardware features and modifications Add a buzzer (beeper) to the router Attach functions to a push button Change UART serial port speed (baud rate) on OpenWrt Debrick ath79 using JTAG Devolo Streaming Radio ESP8266 serial bridge Hardware watchdog How to turnoff JTAG to free GPIO (only on ath79 processors) How to turnoff UART to free GPIO (only on ath79 processors) How to use I²C over USB LIRC audio_alsa LIRC GPIO blaster LIRC GPIO receiver / blaster MMC/SD card over GPIO howto PirateBox & LibraryBox PWM emulation with GPIO SIP daemon for Lantiq devices with owsip Terminate UART Console Turning USB power on and off USB Guest configuration Audio support PulseAudio USB Audio Support Bluetooth in OpenWrt Bluetooth Audio Bluetooth Speakers/Headphones IPv6 over Bluetooth Smart (Low Energy) Smartphone Bluetooth Tethering USB Bluetooth support Led manipulation and setup Signal strength Led Meter Use leds to show signal strength with rssileds Video support USB Video Support Webcam with the Linux UVC driver Storage devices Documentation User guide Storage functions Disk Encryption Filesystems Fstab Configuration hd-idle Configuration Installing and troubleshooting USB Drivers mountd Configuration Using storage devices Writable NTFS Additional services Documentation User guide Additional Services Ad blocking AOE (aka (s)ATA over Ethernet) with vblade Babel routing protocol (babeld) BoxBackup BoxBackup Server Configuration (bbstored) CHROOT Gitolite user-restricted git hosting Kerberos Server HowTo Prosody XMPP Server (open messaging protocol) PXE-Boot network boot server Python Random generator Single Packet Authorization with Fwknop SNORT USB over IP tunnel Automation, home automation and similar Crelay Domoticz on OpenWrt FHEM on OpenWrt pywws Python Weather Station HowTo Weather station control with WeeWX Captive Portals (aka splash pages for an open/paid Wi-Fi hotspot) CoovaChilli captive portal Nodogsplash (Outdated document) NoDogSplash Captive Portal OpenNDS Captive Portal WiFiDog captive portal Direct Connect DC overview Direct Connect and Advanced Direct Connect DDNS (aka Dynamic Domain Name Server) DDNS Client DDNS Client DuckDNS DDNS Client Hurricane Electric DNS (aka Domain Name System) Bind DNS over HTTPS with Dnsmasq and https-dns-proxy DNS over TLS with Dnsmasq and Stubby DNS over TLS with Unbound DNSCrypt with Dnsmasq and dnscrypt-proxy DNSCrypt with Dnsmasq and dnscrypt-proxy2 dnscrypt-proxy ipset-dns Stubby Tinydns Unbound Downloading and P2P Filesharing BitTorrent NZBGet Transmission configuration Email server and functionality SMTP clients XMail mail server Media Server (aka stream media to devices in your local network) DLNA Media Server iTunes server (forked-daapd) MiniDLNA Rygel UPnP media server uShare configuration NAS (aka Network Attached Storage) AFP Netatalk share configuration (aka Apple Time Machine). CIFS Client FTP servers iSCSI Network File System (NFS) NFS client NFS Network File System share configuration (aka Linux/Unix file sharing). ownCloud or NextCloud Pure-FTPd Configuration RemoteFS Client RemoteFS Server Samba Samba (smb) SFTP server Share USB hard-drive with Samba using LuCI SMB Samba share overview (aka Windows file sharing). Network Monitoring Bandwidth monitoring through scripts Bandwidth Monitoring with bwmon Bandwidthd bandwith monitor with wrtbwmon collectd.rrdtool Darkstat Network Traffic Monitor with vnStat ZABBIX network monitoring NTP (aka network time synchronization) NTP client / NTP server Ntpclient Configuration Stratum 1 NTP server using USB GPS Print Server (aka printing over the network) CUPS Print Server p910nd p910nd Print Server p910nd Printer Server Printing over SSH Proxy server Privoxy Proxy server overview Shadowsocks Squid Tinyproxy udpxy VNC Repeater ZNC IRC network bouncer Control your device remotely without direct ssh access daloRADIUS management system Ostiary Client (run a fixed set of commands remotely) Ostiary Daemon (run a fixed set of commands remotely) Port knocking server knockd Scanner server saned scanner server SNMP (aka Simple Network Management Protocol) Minimal SNMP Daemon (mini_snmpd) configuration SNMPD snmpd SSH (aka Secure Shell Remote Access) Autossh SSH FileSystem SSH tunnel SSHFS client Tor Tor client Tor extras UPS (aka Uninterruptible Power Supply) APC BackUps ES-500 - Linksys EA3500 - LuCI graphs APC SmartUps SU-700 - Linksys EA3500 - LuCI graphs How to add data from a TP9605BT multimeter to apcupsd rrd and graphs. NUT (Network UPS Tools) VoIP (aka Voice over IP protocol) Asterisk chan-lantiq for Asterisk FreeSWITCH on OpenWrt intro Siproxd on OpenWrt intro µMurmur VPN (aka Virtual Private Network) Pseudowire Tinc VPN server and client Libreswan / IPsec IPsec site-to-site Libreswan L2TP/IPsec OpenConnect OpenConnect client OpenConnect extras OpenConnect server OpenVPN OpenVPN automated PC script OpenVPN client OpenVPN client Astrill OpenVPN client using LuCI OpenVPN extras OpenVPN performance OpenVPN server Routing example: Dual WAN VPN PPTP PPTP client PPTP extras PPTP server strongSwan / IPsec IPsec basics IPsec Firewall IPsec Legacy IKEv1 Configuration IPsec Modern IKEv2 Road-Warrior Configuration IPsec Performance IPsec Site-to-Site IPsec With Overlapping Subnets strongSwan IPsec Configuration via UCI WireGuard WireGuard client WireGuard extras WireGuard peers WireGuard performance WireGuard server Wake On Lan (aka send messages to power up devices connected to ethernet) Etherwake configuration Wake on LAN configuration Web servers Apache HTTP Server BusyBox HTTP Daemon (httpd) webserver Hiawatha webserver Lighttpd webserver mini-httpd webserver Netcat as Webserver Nginx webserver PHP Set up a LAMP webserver stack uHTTPd Web Server Configuration uHTTPd webserver Using OpenWrt/LEDE to build a LAMP/WordPress dev server on a travel router Troubleshooting and maintenance Documentation User guide Troubleshooting Backup and restore Failsafe Mode, Factory Reset, and Recovery Mode For Developers: Activating EAD (Emergency Access Daemon) Before Running into Problems OpenWrt Debricking Guide Rescue from failed firmware upgrade Resetting the root password Setting up a TFTP server for TFTP Recovery/Install Running OpenWrt in a Virtual Machine or Container Documentation User guide Virtualization Docker OpenWrt Image Generation Metarouter Virtualization on Mikrotik RouterBoard OpenWrt as a Docker Image OpenWrt as a Xen DomU guest OpenWrt as Docker container host OpenWrt as DomU in Debian Xen4 in a private network OpenWrt as QEMU/KVM host server OpenWrt in LXC containers OpenWrt in QEMU OpenWrt on VirtualBox HowTo OpenWrt on VMware HowTo OpenWrt running as metarouter on mikrotik routerOS VirtualBox Advanced Security Documentation User guide Security Dropbear key-based authentication Hardening of your OpenWrt device Key Generation OpenWrt security features OpenWrt/LEDE Public Keys Regaining access to an OpenWrt device in client mode Release Signing Secure your router's access Security Guide for the Paranoid Serial console password Release signatures Release signatures and how to check them OpenWrt/LEDE public keys Generating keys Work-in-progress documentation pages Inbox Donations Donations Getting support Howto for Companies to interacting with LEDE IPSec Strongswan IKEv2 using authentication by certificates OpenWrt Code Repository Troubleshooting collection Using Eclipse for C/C++ Programming and Debugging docs guide-developer OpenWrt Security - Overview wan Advanced xDSL tweaks [WIP] howto Enable telnet login with password Modular CPE Management NetBoot Packet scheduling, Hierarchical Token Bucket : an experience toh Huawei 1550 USB modem The T-Mobile Internet Box Totolink N300RT 7links 7Links WLR-1200 altai Altai C1n askey Askey RT4230W REV6 / RAC2V1K asus ASUS RT-AC3200 R2.34 ASUS RT-N12E C1 avm AVM FRITZ!Box 3390 check_point Check Point L-50 comfast COMFAST CF-E538AC d-link D-Link DAP-1620 D-Link DIR-615/FB H/W Ver.:01 linksys Linksys E8350 V1 §... ... Linksys EA2750 1.3 meraki Meraki MR32 Meraki MS220 Meraki MX65 mikrotik MikroTik RB912R-2nD (LtAP mini) MikroTik RBcAPGi-5acD2nD (cAP ac) MikroTik RouterBOARD hAP ac² (RBD52G-5HacD2HnD-TC) MikroTik RouterBOARD RB450Gx4 netgear Netgear R6020 Netgear RAX120 (Nighthawk AX12) Netgear RAX40 Netgear Stora pine64 Pine64 RockPro64 v2.1 ravpower RavPower RP-WD008 RavPower WD007 technicolor Technicolor TG789vac v2 tp-link TP-Link Archer C2300 v1 TP-Link Archer MR200 v4 TP-Link RE210 v1 ubiquiti Ubiquiti EdgeRouter X (ER-X), EdgeRouter X-SFP (ER-X-SFP) and EdgePoint R6 (EP-R6) Ubiquiti UniFi Security Gateway Pro 4 upvel Upvel UR-835VCU 1.0R wavlink WAVLINK AC1200 (WL-WN572HG3) xiaomi Xiaomi Mi Router 4 Pro Xiaomi AX3600 Xiaomi Mi Router 4A Gigabit Edition Xiaomi Mi Router AC2100 Xiaomi Redmi AX6 AX3000 Wi-Fi 6 Mesh Router zyxel ZyXEL VMG8825-T50 ZyXEL WAP6805 zyxel ZyXEL NWA1123-NI This website uses cookies. By using the website, you agree with storing cookies on your computer. Also you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy. If you do not agree leave the website.OKMore information about cookies Last modified: 2021/01/13 18:40by bobmichael